موضوع
عن التلوث بالانجليزي
موضوع عن التلوث بالانجليزي
Water
pollution by humans can take various forms. Discover here a complete page
dedicated to this problem, which also evokes the solutions to remedy it.
•
A large
amount of water is used in the manufacture of consumer products, for example,
in the disorder:
• 41,500
liters of water to produce one kilo of meat.
• 500 liters
of water to produce a single orange.
• 1,340,000
liters of water to produce one ton of aluminum.
• 50 liters
of water to produce a Saturday newspaper copy.
• about
5,000 liters of water to create one kilogram of rice.
• 4 liters
of water to produce a bottle of beer.
We will
separate this page dedicated to water pollution into four parts which, in fact,
are often related:
• the first
part will focus on some effects of urbanization on water quality,
• the second
to agriculture in the broad sense,
• the third
to industries,
• the fourth
to individuals that we are all.
Sources of
water pollution by humans
Here is a
summary of the different possible sources of water pollution:
• Physical
sources:
o Thermal
pollution: hot water discharges thermal power plants
o
Radioactive Pollution: Radioisotopes Nuclear Facilities
• Source of
organic matter:
o
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins: private, agricultural, agro-alimentary
effluents
o Ammonia,
nitrates: farms and fish farms
• Chemical
sources:
o
Fertilizers NO3, PO4: agriculture, laundry
o Metals and
metalloids: industries, agriculture, acid rain
o Pesticides
etc. : agriculture, industries
o
Organochlorine solvents: industries
o Organic
compounds: industries
o
Surfactants: domestic effluents
o
Hydrocarbons: oil industry, transport
•
Microbiological sources:
o urban
effluents
o livestock
effluents
Effects of
urbanization on water quality
It is not
polluting in itself, but it has a lot of indirect effects on water quality.
Concreting large areas promotes an acceleration of flows and does not allow
time or opportunity for water to infiltrate to be purified by the ground. On
the other hand, this systematic concreting of cities favors flooding downstream
because of the acceleration of flows precisely. Another significant impact of
urbanization on the quality of water and aquatic environments is the change in
the environment and this is particularly serious when it comes to river banks
or lakes or marine coasts.
Water
pollution: the role of agriculture and aquaculture
Globally,
agriculture accounts for 70% of water resources, so it is essential to have
climate-friendly crops, effective irrigation that reduces the need for water
and more energy-efficient food production than, for example, For example, in
North America, livestock farming accounts for nearly two-thirds of cereals. A
recent report from the International Food Policy Research Institute notes with
concern that, according to satellite observations, irrigation drains
groundwater much faster than its recharge capacities and that 84% of
agricultural soils the world have fertility problems.
Agricultural
pollution is due to two main factors: chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides,
fungicides, herbicides, insecticides ... livestock with excrement, manure,
manure ... and methane (greenhouse effect) ...
Fertilizers,
nitrates and phosphates, thus contribute to dystrophication (proliferation of
algae, eutrophication is not the appropriate term, since it can be quite
natural) inland and coastal waters, whose economic consequences (impact on
tourism, fish farming, shellfish farming ...) are added to environmental and
ecological damage. Spot pollution is localized: effluent leakage, directly from
livestock buildings or leaking crop treatment products related to handling
(during filling or emptying of sprayers). Diffuse pollution, related to the use
of fertilizers and crop treatment products in the fields, concerns millions of
hectares. Regions of intensive agriculture (related to livestock or field
crops) are the most affected by pollution.
