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The dangers of the cigar
Many people consider that
cigars are less dangerous than cigarettes for health. In fact, smoking cigars
also has adverse health effects. Summary of the main risks.
Smoking cigars leads to
increased risk of cancer
Cigars are made of tobacco
wrapped in tobacco leaves, unlike cigarettes made of tobacco wrapped in paper.
And they are dangerous for health, even if most studies show that the health
risks related to their consumption are usually less important than those
related to cigarette consumption.
Indeed, cigar smoke
contains the same toxic and carcinogenic compounds as those found in cigarette
smoke. People who smoke four or more cigars a day are exposed to a
quantity of smoke equivalent to the smoke of 10 cigarettes a day. The main
smoke of cigars (that inhaled through the mouth of the cigar end) contains
higher concentrations of nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene,
hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and carbon monoxide than mainstream smoke.
cigarettes, which means that cigar smokers have higher concentrations of
carboxyhemoglobin. In addition, the alkaline pH of cigar smoke facilitates
the absorption of nicotine through the mouth and nose.
Many studies show that pipe
and cigar smokers are at a higher risk of lung cancer than nonsmokers. A 1999
European study suggested that smoking cigars or pipes could have a carcinogenic
effect on the lungs comparable to cigarettes. A 2000 study confirmed this
risk: Cigar smokers who smoke 3 or more cigars a day who reported inhaling
smoke or who have been smoking for more than 25 years had a higher risk of lung
cancer-related mortality. than men with lower exposure. The risk of lung cancer
mortality was higher, however, even among smokers who reported that they did
not inhale or who smoked for less than 25 years.
In addition, cigar smokers
compared to non-smokers are at higher risk of cancer of the upper aerodigestive
tract or oropharynx. In multivariate analyzes, the incidence of cancer in cigar
smokers was approximately 2 times higher for oropharyngeal and upper
aerodigestive cancers than for non-smokers. There is a dose-response
relationship: the risk associated with cigar smoking is higher for smokers of 5
or more cigars per day compared to those who smoke less. With regard to
oropharyngeal cancers, there is a synergy between alcohol and cigar: cigar
smokers who drink more than 3 drinks a day are more likely than drinkers alone.
(9) This same synergy is observed for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract.
Although regular cigar smokers do not appear to have an increased risk of death
from pancreatic or bladder cancer, there is still an increased risk for smokers
reporting inhaling smoke. (10)
Cigar consumption,
cardiovascular risks
A prospective study of 7735
men showed a significantly higher risk of major coronary events,
cerebrovascular accidents in pipe / cigar smokers compared to never smokers. There is a dose-response effect. The American Cancer Society's Cancer
Prevention Study 1 found that death rates from coronary heart disease increased
with increasing numbers of cigars per day.
A cohort study in 634 men
under 60 years showed that the cigar and pipe had a deleterious effect on
survival at 4 years after a first attack of angina pectoris or a first
myocardial infarction. A study of officials in the United Kingdom showed
that the cigar or pipe was also predictive of aortic aneurysm death. One
of the reasons for the increased risk of coronary heart disease is related to
the high levels of environmental tobacco exposure: even if cigar smokers do not
inhale, they are exposed to their own smoke in the environment. ambient air, a
well-documented risk factor for coronary heart disease.
Other health risks
Smoking the cigar also
increases the risk of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). From
the point of view of deleterious effects on the periodontium, a long-term
prospective study showed a significantly increased risk of alveolar bone
destruction in cigarette and pipe / cigar smokers compared to non-smokers
