جمل انجليزي عن comparative
جمل انجليزي عن comparative
Comparison and metaphor
Comparison
and metaphor are figures of speech that are often called the figures of
resemblance.
In this
excerpt from "Jacques and the Beanstalk", the snoring of the sleeper
looks like the sound of a saw cutting a log.
We can then
speak of comparison or metaphor.
The
comparison
A comparison
is constructed according to a very simple model: we compare two things that
have a common point, that is, a similarity. This comparison is made using a
comparison word:
This child
is white as a pill of aspirin.
In this example,
the child is compared to an aspirin pill. This comparison is made possible
because both have a resemblance. They are white.
The child is
the compared. It is compared to the aspirin seal, which is called the
comparing. Finally, the comparison is expressed using the word as the so-called
comparison tool (but there are others: similar to, similar to, look like, such
as ...).
Finally, as
we have said, the comparison comes from a point in common between the child and
the stamp, the whiteness in our example. In this case, we will talk about
reasoned comparison. If this common point is not expressed, we will speak of an
unmotivated comparison:
It's like a
stamp of aspirin.
Finally, we
can observe that a comparison is all the more beautiful because it is unexpected:
The earth is
blue as an orange.
Beautiful as
the chance meeting on a dissection table of a sewing machine and an umbrella.
Each time,
it seems difficult to explain the comparison made between the compared and the
comparing, that is to say between the earth and orange on the one hand, the
sewing machine and the umbrella on the other hand . This obviously does not
mean that no rapprochement is possible ...
Poetry uses
comparison, but also metaphor. The poet Stéphane Mallarme flattered himself
that he had banished the word as his vocabulary.
The
Metaphore
A metaphor
can be defined as a comparison from which the word would have been removed as
(or any other word of comparison).
Let's take
another example of comparison:
This old man
advances like a turtle.
In this
comparison, the old man is compared to a turtle. The common point is certainly
not expressed, but we guess. This is the slowness that the verb advances
suggests. Finally, we will notice the comparison tool such.
If we
consider that the metaphor is an amputated comparison of its comparison tool,
we will obtain the following sentence:
This old man
is a turtle.
In this
metaphor, only the compared (the old man) and the comparator (a turtle) remain.
We have definitively lost the implicit expression of the common point by
removing the verb advance. So we no longer establish a relationship of
resemblance between the compared and the comparing, but an identification
report: the old man is a turtle.
We therefore
retain the compared and comparing in the example above. This is called the
metaphor in praesentia, that is, the compared is present. However, if we keep
only the comparing, the metaphor is saidin absentia: What a turtle! In this
last example, it will be understood that one speaks always (in polite terms, it
is true) of the old man and not of a reptile on all fours locked in a carapace!
Finally, we come to an old definition of metaphor: this figure consists of
replacing one word (old man) with another (turtle).
